Toluene | 108-88-3
Ibicuruzwa bifatika bifatika:
| Izina ryibicuruzwa | Toluene |
| Ibyiza | ibara ritagira ibara risukuye rifite impumuro nziza isa na benzene |
| Ingingo yo gushonga (° C) | -94.9 |
| Ingingo yo guteka (° C) | 110.6 |
| Ubucucike bugereranijwe (Amazi = 1) | 0.87 |
| Ubucucike bwumuyaga ugereranije (umwuka = 1) | 3.14 |
| Umuvuduko wumwuka wumuyaga (kPa) | 3.8(25° C) |
| Ubushyuhe bwo gutwikwa (kJ / mol) | -3910.3 |
| Ubushyuhe bukabije (° C) | 318.6 |
| Igitutu gikomeye (MPa) | 4.11 |
| Coefficient ya Octanol / amazi | 2.73 |
| Ingingo ya Flash (° C) | 4 |
| Ubushyuhe bwo gutwika (° C) | 480 |
| Igipimo cyo guturika hejuru (%) | 7.1 |
| Umubare muto wo guturika (%) | 1.1 |
| Gukemura | Insoluble mumazi, ntibishobora na benzene, inzoga, ether nibindi byangiza umubiri. |
Ibicuruzwa:
1.Yashizwemo aside ya benzoic ningingo zikomeye za okiside nka potasiyumu permanganate, potasiyumu dichromate na aside nitric. Acide ya Benzoic nayo iboneka hamwe na okiside hamwe numwuka cyangwa ogisijeni imbere ya catalizator. Benzaldehyde iboneka hamwe na okiside hamwe na dioxyde ya manganese imbere ya aside sulfurike kuri 40 ° C cyangwa munsi yayo. Kugabanya reaction yatanzwe na nikel cyangwa platine itanga methylcyclohexane. Toluene ifata halogene ikora o- na para-halogenated toluene ikoresheje aluminium trichloride cyangwa chloride ferric nka catalizator. Munsi yubushyuhe numucyo, ikora hamwe na halogene ikora benzyl halide. Imyitwarire ya acide nitric itanga o- na para-nitrotoluene. Niba nitrifike hamwe na acide ivanze (acide sulfurike + acide nitric) 2,4-dinitrotoluene irashobora kuboneka; gukomeza nitrasiyo itanga 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Sulfonation ya toluene hamwe na acide sulfurike yibanze cyangwa gusohora aside sulfurike itanga o- na para-methylbenzenesulphonic aside. Mubikorwa bya catalitiki ya aluminium trichloride cyangwa boron trifluoride, toluene ikorerwa alkylation hamwe na hydrocarbone ya halogene, olefine, na alcool kugirango itange imvange ya alkyl toluene. Toluene ikorana na fordehide na aside hydrochlorike muri chloromethylation reaction kugirango itange o- cyangwa para-methylbenzyl chloride.
2. Guhagarara: Birahamye
3.Ibintu bibujijwe:Strong oxydeans, acide, halogene
4.Ikibazo cya polimerisation:Ntabwo polymerisation
Gusaba ibicuruzwa:
1.Bikoreshwa cyane nkibishishwa kama nibikoresho fatizo byubuvuzi bwa sintetike, irangi, resin, dyestuff, ibisasu hamwe nudukoko.
2.Toluene irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo mu gukora benzene nibindi bicuruzwa byinshi bya shimi. Nka amarangi, amarangi, lacquer, ibifunga hamwe ninganda zikora wino hamwe nubunini bukoreshwa mugutegura amazi, ibishishwa bya resin; imiti ninganda. Nibikoresho fatizo byo guhuza imiti. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkibintu bivanga muri lisansi kugirango yongere octane, kandi nkigisubizo cyamabara, wino na nitrocellulose. Byongeye kandi, toluene ifite imbaraga zo gukemura neza ibintu kama, ni umusemburo kama hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha. Toluene iroroshye chlorine, kubyara benzene & mdash; chloromethane cyangwa benzene trichloromethane, ni umusemburo mwiza ku nganda; biroroshye kandi nitrate, kubyara p-nitrotoluene cyangwa o-nitrotoluene, nibikoresho fatizo byo gusiga amarangi; biroroshye kandi sulphonate, kubyara o-toluenesulphonic aside cyangwa p-toluenesulphonic aside, ni ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora amarangi cyangwa umusaruro wa sakarine. Umwuka wa Toluene uvanze n'umwuka kugirango ube ibintu biturika, bityo birashobora gukora ibisasu bya TST.
3.Umukozi wigisha ibimera. Ikoreshwa mubwinshi nkigishishwa kandi nkinyongera kuri peteroli-octane.
4.Bikoreshwa nka reagent yisesengura, nkibishishwa, gukuramo no gutandukanya ibintu, chromatografique reagents. Ikoreshwa kandi nk'isuku, kandi ikoreshwa mu gusiga amarangi, ibirungo, aside benzoic na synthesis.
5.Yakoreshejwe mubigize lisansi ikozwe kandi nkibikoresho fatizo byingenzi byo gukora ibikomoka kuri toluene, ibisasu, abahuza amarangi, ibiyobyabwenge nibindi.
Inyandiko zibika ibicuruzwa:
1.Bika mububiko bukonje, buhumeka.
2.Komeza kure yumuriro nubushyuhe.
3.Ubushyuhe bwo kubika ntibugomba kurenga 37 ° C.
4.Komeza ikintu gifunze.
5.Bigomba kubikwa bitandukanye na okiside, kandi ntibigomba na rimwe kuvangwa.
6.Koresha ibikoresho biturika biturika kandi bihumeka.
7.Kubuza gukoresha ibikoresho bya mashini nibikoresho byoroshye kubyara ibishashi.
8.Ahantu ho kubika hagomba kuba hafite ibikoresho byihutirwa byihutirwa nibikoresho byubuhungiro.
